Immunization which provides the immune system more efficient to act against foreign particle and invadingmicroorganisms and the self-medication is a serious condition when it is not taking care of the prescribed way. Toprevent on-going trend of self-medication practice or to avoid the danger situation to a great extent and to assessthe prevalence of immunization concerns. The cross-sectional study was carried out in Wayanad district. Thequestionnaire was used to acquire the data from the contributors. The questionnaires are based on self-medicationand immunization it entails of demographic data and the health seeking behaviour and practice of self-medicationand immunization. In this pilot study , population were less . Among male and females are included.in thesemajority of respondents are females (76.9%).one of the main questions of the study concerns the possibility of selfmedicationand knowledge about immunization. 61.5% respondents take immunization for their children but theyhave less knowledge about immunization and 100% of respondents take self-medication. The study also focused onthe availability of medicines for self-medication and importance of immunization. From the data it could beconcluded that the medicines are commonly available in pharmacy and most of them didn't know aboutimmunization purposes. We concluded that awareness of immunization and effect of self-medication in people ofrural area is important.Key Words: Pervasiveness, Practice, Self-medication, Immunization.

The present study aims to analyse drug prescription pattern analysis in a tertiary care hospital.Materials andMethods:A prospective and observational study was conducted in an outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary carehospital, Wayanad. The data include patient’s demographic details, classification of antihypertensive drug wereincluded and patients suffering from the acute MI, cerebrovascular events, pregnant women were excluded from thestudy. Result: The study analysis shown, the male patients (53.8%) were having more prone to the hypertensionthan the female patients (46.2%). The increased BP patients were observed in the age group ranges of 60-69 years.The patients were prescribed more with monotherapy than with the fixed dose combinations.Conclusion:The mostprescribed drug for hypertension is angiotensin receptor blocker (61.5%) followed by calcium channel blockers. Themonotherapy is mostly commonly preferred over the multitherapy. Risk factors that have been associated with thehypertension are obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, high intake of salt and fat. Intial drug therapy forhypertension include ACE inhibitors, ARB inhibitors, diuretics and calcium channel blockers.Key Words: Antihypertensive drugs, prescription-pattern, co-morbidities with CHF, IHD and DM.

A simple and selective method is described for the determination of hydrocodone and pseudoephedrinein tabletdosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Water using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of60 volumes of Methanol, 40 volumes of water 0.5% TEA with detection of 244 nm. Linearity was observed in therange 20 - 100 μg/ml for hydrocodone (r2 =0.999) and 60-140 μg /ml for pseudoephedrine(r2 =0.999) for the amountof drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. The proposed methods werevalidated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recoveryexperiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. Themethod was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statisticaldata proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.Key Words: hydrocodone, pseudoephedrine, forced degradation.

A new precise, accurate, rapid method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of MPN and VBB inpharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC.The optimum wavelength for the determination of MPN and VBB wasselected at 254 nm on the basis of isobestic point. Various trials were performed with different mobile phases indifferent ratios, but finallyAmmonium Phosphate Buffer pH 5.0: Acetonitrile(75:25) %v/v) was selected as goodpeak symmetry and resolution between the peaks was observed.The Retention time of MPN and VBBwere found tobe 2.829&3.862 min respectively. The Retention times for both the drugs were considerably less compared to theRetention time obtained for the drugs in the other mobile phase. The different analytical performance parameterssuch as linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity were determined according to International Conference onHarmonization ICH Q2B guidelines. The calibration curve was obtained by plotting peak area versus theconcentration over the range of 50-150 μg/mL For MPN and50-150 μg/mL forNLT. From linearity the correlationcoefficient R2 value was found to be 0.9991for FTF and 0.9997 for NLT. The proposed HPLC method was alsovalidated for system suitability, system precision and method precision. The %RSD in the peak area of drug wasfound to be less than 2%. The number of theoretical plates was found to be more than 2000, which indicatesefficient performance of the column. The percentage of recovery of MPN and VBBwere found to be 99.8 and100.4respectivelyshows that the proposed method is highly accurate.Key Words: Meropenem, Vaborbactam, pharmaceutical dosage form.

A new precise, accurate, rapid method has been developed for the estimation of Temozolomide pharmaceuticaldosage form by HPLC. From results the proposed method is highly sensitive, precise and accurate and it successfullyapplied for the quantification of API content in the commercial formulations of Temozolomide Educationalinstitutions and Quality control laboratories A simple and selective HPLC method is described for the determinationof Temozolomide Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C18 (250×4.6 ×5μ) using mobilephase consisting Acetonitrile : Water : Triethylamine buffer (60: 40) v/v with detection of 329 nm. Linearity wasobserved in the range 50-150 μg /ml for Temozolomide (r2 =0.999) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposedmethods was in good agreement with the label claim.Key Words: Temozolomide, pharmaceutical dosage form, HPLC

A simple and selective UPLC method is described for the determination of Epigallocatechin Gallate.Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture Potassium dihydrogenphosphate : Methanol(70:30) with detection of 266 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 50-150 μg /mlfor Epigallocatechin Gallate (r2 =0.995) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in goodagreement with the label claim. The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed byrecovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference fromcommonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by therepeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be usedfor routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.Key Words: Epigallocatechin Gallate, UPLC method

Inthepresent work, double walled microspheres of Omeprazole using Sodium alginate,HPMC K100,Guar gum, Ethylcelluloseascopolymers and along with Carbopol wereformulated to deliver Omeprazole through oral route.Detailsregarding thepreparation and evaluation ofthe formulations have beendiscussedinresults.From the study followingconclusions couldbedrawnThe results of this investigation indicate that Ion gelation methodcanbesuccessfullyemployedtofabricate Omeprazole microspheres. FT-IR spectraof the physical mixture revealedthatthedrug is compatible with the polymers and copolymer used. Microspheres containing sodium alginate alongwith carbopol and Guar gum in 1:1.5 ratio had a least size range of 613μm.Increase in thepolymerconcentrationledtoincrease in% Yield,%Drugentrapment efficiency, Particle size. The invitro drug releasedecreased with increase inthepolymer and copolymerconcentration.Among all formulations F4 shows Maximum drug release in 10 th hr whencompared with other formulations.Analysis ofdrug release mechanism showedthatthedrug release fromtheformulations followed the Non fickian diffusion mechanism and follows zero orderkinectics.Based on the results of evaluation tests formulation codedF4 was concluded as best formulationKey Words: Carbopol , Microspheres , Diffusion , Kinetics , Copolymers.

The method described by Touitou et al., (2000) was employed with little modification for the preparation of variousethosomal formulations containing different concentration of ethanol (20 % to 50 %) with sonication . Thetechniques used were simple and reproducible. The prepared ethosomes were spherical and discrete in shape.Howeverethosomes prepared by sonication method were more uniform and small in size which is essential for skinpenetration. While comparing the entrapment efficiency, ethosomes containing 20% w/w ethanol and prepared bysoncation showed highest value respect to all other formulation; so it is concluded ethosomal prepared by sonicationand containing 20 % w/w ethanol as the best formulation considering all other aspectsIncrease inthepolymerconcentrationledto increase in,%Drugentrapment efficiency, Particle size. The invitro drugreleasedecreased with increase in thepolymer and copolymerconcentration.Among all formulations F2 showsMaximum drug release in 1440 min when compared with other formulations.Analysis ofdrug release mechanismshowedthatthedrug release fromthe formulations followed the Non fickian diffusion mechanism and follows zeroorder kinectics.Based on the results of evaluation tests formulation codedF2 was concluded as best formulation.Key Words: Ethosomes , Sonication , Transdermal ,Entrapment , Stability

Terbinafine is categorized as synthetic allylamine antifungal drug and is successfully used to treat Fungal disorders.Terbinafine maximum wavelength is determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer using 6.8 pH phosphate bufferand was detected to be 283 nm. Terbinafine emulgel was formulated using light liquid paraffin as oil phase andemulsifying agents tween 20 and span 20 for emulsion and incorporated into gel using HPMC and carbopol 934polymers in different ratios.The optimized formulation F7 showed a shear thinning with thixotropic property withbetter spreadability, viscosity and in-vitro permeability compared to other formulations.In the study it was observedthat the concentrations of tween20 spann 20 and light liquid paraffin has shown effect on viscosity, spreadability andin-vitro drug permeability. Increased amount of liquid paraffin showed suppress activity of tween 20 and span20.The surface morphology of the optimized formulation was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopicstudy.Thus Terbinafine emulgel which could increase the drug permeability across the skin and fast release of thedrug could be successfully achieved.Key Words: Terbinafine, Carbopol, HPMC

Telmisartan is an Angiotensin ? receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. According to theBiopharmaceutical Classification System, Telmisartan belongs class ? drug; high permeability low solubility. It ispractically insoluble in water and it shows low dissolution profile and poor absorption. The objective of the presentstudy was to design and evaluate modified pulsatile drug delivery system of marketed product of Telmisartanaccording to circadian rhythm using natural polymers like xanthan gum, sodium alginate, guar gum, sodium CMCfor compressed coated through direct compression method and marketed product of telmisartanas inner core tabletthrough direct compression method to achieve a predetermined lag time(8hrs) for chronotherapy of hypertension..Ethylcellulose:HPMC 70mg:130mg(F12), HPMC:Celluloseacetate 130mg:70mg (F15) Xanthan gum: Sodiumalginate 75mg: 125mg (F20) and 85mg: 115mg (F21)showed predetermined lag time of 8 hrs so these are selected asoptimized formulations and they has shown the immediate release of the drug after the lag time of about 8 hrs.Optimized formulation was evaluated for weight variation, hardness, disintegration time and Invitro dissolutionstudies, drug – excipient interaction studies.Key Words: Pulsatile drug delivery system, Telmisartan, marketed product, inner core tablet, xanthan gum, sodiumalginate, 8hrs,evaluation, hypertension.

The role of chronotherapeutics in hypertension and anti-inflammatory management is based on the recognition thatblood pressure and pain does not remain constant throughout the day. Instead, it tends to be higher in the earlymorning hours and lower in the evening hours. The aim of the present study was to design time controlled tablet ofAtenolol, as chronopharmaceuticaldrug delivery system by compression coating. Formulation design involvescoating polymers HPMC K05:EC ( ratio - 1:1,1:2,2:1 w/w) and HPMC K05:CA ( ratio - 1:1,1:2,2:1 w/w)wereexploited for their pulsatile drug release ability. The basic idea behind the dosage form development is toinvestigate effect of coating design on lag time and drug release from press-coated pulsatile release tablet. Coatingmaterials were evaluated for pre-compression parameters like bulk density, tapped density, Angle of repose,Compressibility index, Hausner's ratio and also evaluated the tablet for hardness, thickness, friability, weightvariation, swelling index, drug content, In vitro drug release, drug excipient compatability studies. The Formulationwas optimized on basis of acceptable tablet properties and in vitro drug release. The results indicate thatFormulation F9, F14 for Atenolol press-coated tablets achieve a burst release after 7.45 & 8hrs lag time which isapplicable pulsatile drug delivery for hypertension.Key Words: Atenolol, HPMC K05, pulsatile release tablet.