The phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Coccinia grandis showed the presence of Saponins which
were considered to be responsible for its pharmacological activity (Analgesic activities).Therefore Coccinia
grandis was considered to possess analgesic activities. The investigations on Coccinia grandis were found to
produce positive results towards the evidence of Analgesic activities. The data obtained from Analgesic
activities experiments clearly suggested that the analgesic activities of Coccinia grandis were dose dependent.

The investigations on Gymnema sylvestre were found to produce positive results towards the evidence of antiinflammatory.
The data obtained from anti-inflammatory, of Gymnema sylvestre were dose dependent. It also
can be noted that the combination of Gymnema sylvestre and Diclofenac had a synergistic effect in curing
inflammation. Finally our studies concluded that Gymnema sylvestre had both anti-inflammatory, hence it is
worth drug in quick wound healing of diabetic patient.

This desertion was designed based on the traditional claim to emphasize the antihyperglycaemic, antioxidant
potential of the aqueous extract of leaf of Indigofera suffructicosa Mill. Preliminary phytochemical analysis
of the AEIS showed that the plant has a rich possession of phytochemicals like alkaloids, reducing sugars,
tannins and phenols. Terpenoids, gums and mucilage were absent in the extracts. Acute oral toxicity studies
reveal that AEIS did not produce any mortality or signs of toxicity at the dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w.p.o, in
experimental rats. Treatment of AEIS shown moderate hypoglycaemic effect on normal animals and
significant improvement in glucose tolerance on glucose fed hyperglycaemic rats. No significant reduction
of blood glucose level was observed o the acute treatment of AEIS in STZ induced diabetic rats. In the sub
acute study a steady decrease in blood glucose level was observed on AEIS treatment in STZ induced
diabetic rats. The treatment of AEIS showed marked increase in body weight, decrease in glycosylated
haemoglobin, marked increase in protein; HDL cholesterol levels in serum of STZ induced diabetic animals.
At the same time significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides
and creatinine levels was observed in serum of diabetic animals. The antioxidant study revealed that the
hepatic antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) are significantly decreased in STZ induced
diabetic animals with high degree of lipid peroxidation. The enzyme levels increased significantly on
treatment with AEIS

The laxative activity of fruits (Musa balbisiana, Vitis vinifera, Beta vulgaris, Malus domestica, Citrus sinensis
and Ziziphus jujuba) was studied in rats. The results showed that an oral administration of the fruit pulp extract
produced significant and crude fiber dependant increase in faeces output of rats.

Chalcones are pharmacologically important active heterocyclic compound, chemically they are derivatives of
1,3- diphenylprop-2-en-1-one. They are considered as the precussor for both flavonoids and isoflavonoids.
They are found to be important for the pigmentation of flowers so that they act as attractants to the pollinators.
Since they are the precussors for flavonoid synthesis, chalcons also plays major role in defense against
pathogens and insects. This review aims to summerizze the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of chalcon
and their derivatives.

To identify patients coming to Emergency Medicine Department (EMD) with drug related problems, classify
the DRPs and calculate the direct cost spent for treating them. This was a prospective observational study
conducted in emergency medicine department. The patients coming to EMD with DRPs were classified
according to Cipolle’s classification and the direct medical and non medical costs were calculated. A total of
around 107 patients identified with DRPs of which 99 patients were included in the study. In this study, 51%
of the cases were due to ADR and 35% due to non adherence and rest of the cases were due to overdose (10%),
drug interaction (3%) and sub therapeutic dose (1%). Major portion for treatment was spent for direct medical
cost in which cost for laboratory investigations have contributed the most, INR 10, 93,992 (42%) followed by
Health care professional cost INR 55, 6814 (21%), Pharmacy cost INR 4, 00,524.6 (15%), Admission cost INR
3, 80,400 (15%).The direct non medical cost includes cost for diet and travel which was found to be INR 1,
68,443and INR 71,947respectively. The drug related problems adds a significant economic burden on the
patients which can be reduced by imparting knowledge about the proper use of medicines and by improving
collaborative efforts of the patients, physicians, pharmacists and caregivers.