In the present study the plant Cocos nucifera (L.) Willd. is selected for its anthelmentic activity.Various
extracts were prepared in different solvents by cold maceration method. It yield petroleum ether extract –
10.90% w/w, chloroform extract – 17% w/w, ethyl acetate extract – 15.40% w/w, methanol extract – 8.9%
w/w and aqueous extract –w/w. Phytochemical screening of each extract of Cocos nucifera showed the
presence of fats and oils, terpenoids and alkaloids in the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and
methanol extract. In vitro anthelmentic activity was assessed on adult Pheretima posthuma (Earthworms).
The anthelmentic activity was assessed on the basis of the parameters like time taken for paralysis and death
for each worm. Chloroform and methanol extract showed equivalent potential anthelmentic activity at the
concentration of 25 mg/ml. The hydro alcoholic extract was fractionated subsequently with petroleum ether
and chloroform. It yields petroleum ether fraction – 41% w/w, chloroform fraction – 43.8% w/w and hydro
alcoholic fraction – 16.22% w/w.

The aim of the present study is to optimize to the medium constituents for maximizing antibiotic production by
marine actinomycetes exhibiting promising antibacterial and antifungal activities. Isolation of coloured
actinomycetes from the samples with crowded plate technique and confirmed their antibiotic production by
giant colony technique. Fifteen coloured strains were isolated and selected the NRISW5, NRISS7 strains to
check the antibiotic production with respect to different production medium. The antibiotic activity of crude
extract determined by using cup plate method. Both NRISW5 and NRISS showed antibacterial action on
Gram-negative bacteria. Both strains have an ability to produce the bioactive compound i.e antibiotic
substance.

The aim of the study was to explore the drug delivery system of indinavir for active anti retro viral therapy. A
satisfactory attempt was made to develop buccal drug delivery system of Indinavir and evaluate it. From the
reproducibility results obtained by the executed experiments it can be concluded that: The backing layer of
ethyl cellulose was optimum for the unidirectional release of the drug. Influence of the formulation variables on
hardness, drug uniformity, mucoadhesive strength, drug release is evident. Formulation F7 has successfully
sustained the release of Indinavir in buccal cavity, with great mucoadhesive strength. The formulation F7
showed good pre compression and post compression parameters and follows zero order and higuchis kinetics.

The Antiulcer Activity of Methanolic aqueous extract of flowers of Canthium dicoccum at a dose of 200, 400
mg/kg b.w p.o was investigated in Diclofenac induced ulcers in Albino Wistar rats (180-230 gm). In the
model common parameter determined was ulcer index. There was no mortality up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg
b.w p.o indicating the safety of the plant. Preliminary Phytochemical studies showed the presence of
Carbohydrates, Flavanoid, Glycosides, Tannins, Protein, Terpenes and Volatile Oils. Methanolic aqueous
extract of Canthium dicoccum at a dose of 200,400 mg/kg b.w p.o produced significant reduction of ulcers in
Diclofenac induced induced ulcer Model as compared to control group. % ulcer protection of Methanolic
aqueous extract of Canthium dicoccumw as calculated and maximum ulcer protection was found at a dose of
400 mg/kg for Diclofenac induced ulcer The ulcer protective effect of extract was comparable with that of the
standard drugs. Results of study suggest that Methanolic aqueous extract of Canthium dicoccum posses
Mucoprotective effect which may be due to the presence of flavonoids in the extract as it has an astringent
property.

The study was aimed to investigate phytochemical constituents and the Hepatoprotective activity of Eichhornia
crassipes whole plant extracts in Paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity in rats. Eichhornia crassipes whole plant
extracts also produce significant prevention in Paracetamol induced rise in SGOT, SGPT, ALP and BIT. the
present study indicates the Eichhornia crassipes extracts posses statistically significant Hepatoprotective
activity is similar with the standard drug silymarin.
Key words: Eichhornia crassipes, Paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity, silymarin

To appraise the Anti-inflammatory activity of Sapindus emarginatus (S. emarginatus), leaf aqueous extract by
using in-vitro membrane stabilization of human RBC and in-vivo formalin induced paw edema models.The
acute toxicity study was performed by administering 2g/kg aqueous extract of S. emarginatus leaves in rats
by oral gavage. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using both in-vitro membrane stabilization
of human RBC and in-vivo formalin induced paw edema model in rats. The dose of aqueous extract of S.
emarginatus leaves was given at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. In acute toxicity study of the plant extract,
at a dose of 2g/kg p.o. was not shown any toxic events in rats. It was observed that SEAE have demonstrated
dose dependent increase in the % membrane stabilization property significantly. The indomethacin had shown
significant (p<0.001) reduction in paw edema at 1st , 3rd and 6th hr when compared with normal control.
SEAE-200 had shown significant (p<0.05) action at 6th hr but not 1st and 3rd hr. SEAE- 400 had shown
significant (p<0.05, p<0.001) actions at 3rd and 6th hr but not 1st hr. In the present study the aqueous extract of
S. emarginatus leaves poses anti- inflammatory activity.
Key words: Formalin, Sapindus emarginatus, Anti-inflammatory activity

To investigate the anti Hyperlipidemic activity of methanol extract of Desmostachya bipinnata on Triton x
100 and High Fat Diet induced Hyperlipidemia in male Wistar rats. In this model of Hyperlipidemia, 30
adult male wistar rats (150-200gms) were evenly divided into 5 groups in both groups. Group-1 and
Group-2 served as untreated and model controls respectively, while Group-3, 4 and 5 were the treatments
groups which were simultaneously treated with standard, 200 and 400 mg/kg extract respectively along with
High Fat Diet and Triton x 100. On last day, blood samples for biochemical parameters, were obtained under
inhaled diether anaesthesia. HFD and Triton x 100 treatment caused Hyperlipidemia as evidenced by marked
elevation in Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and decrease in HDL levels. Co-administration of extract
with HFD and Triton x 100 decreased rise Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and increase in HDL
levels. It was observed that the methanol extract of Desmostachya bipinnata conferred Anti-
Hyperlipidemia activity by biochemical observation against HFD and Triton-x-100 induced Hyperlipidemia
in rats. In the near future could constitute a lead to discovery of a novel drug for treatment of drug induced
Hyperlipidemia
Key words: Desmostachya bipinnata, anti Hyperlipidemic activity

Foeniculum vulgare and Ocimum tenuiflorum are traditional medicinal plants that have antimicrobial activity
against S.aureus and E.coli, a combination of these two plants have not been known for its activity against
these bacteria. The purpose of this research was to formulate mouthwash, combination of F.vulgare and
O.tenuiflorum which has antimicrobial activity against S.aureus and E.coli. The antimicrobial activity test of
F.vulgare and O. tenuiflorum using agar well diffusion method was carried out. Test parameters for
mouthwash includes organoleptic, pH, shelf life and stability studies. The results of this study showed that
F.vulgare and O.tenuiflorum extracts had antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity combination of
F.vulgare and O.tenuiflorum extracts is synergistic. For the formulation materials, the concentration chosen is
1:1 (F.vulgare : O.tenuiflorum) because in that combination the zone of inhibition found in a good manner.
And the physical examination states that the formulation was stable even after 60days.
Key words: Foeniculum vulgare, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichiacoli, Mouth wash.

To investigate the hepato and nephroprotective activity of ethanol extract of Sebastiana chamaelea on
Paracetamol induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. In this model of nephrotoxicity, 30 adult male wistar
rats (150- 200gms) were evenly divided into 5 groups. Group-1 and Group-2 served as untreated and
model controls respectively, while Group-3, 4 and 5 were the treatments groups which were simultaneously
treated with standard, 200 and 400 mg/kg extract respectively, after each dose of Paracetamol (200
mg/kg, i.p. for 3 days) from4 to 14 days . On 11th day, blood samples for biochemical parameters, while the
rats kidneys for histology were obtained under inhaled diether anaesthesia. Paracetamol treatment caused
hepato a n d nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in blood urea, uric acid and
creatinine, bilirubin. Co-administration of e x t r a c t with Paracetanmol decreased rise in blood urea, uric
acid and creatinine, bilirubin. Apart from these, histopathological changes also showed the protective nature
of extract against Paracetamol induced necrotic and hepatic damage of renal and hepatic tissues. It was
observed that the ethanol e x t r a c t of conferred nephroprotective and hepatoprotective
activities by histopathological and biochemical observation against Paracetamol induced nephrotoxicity and
hepatotoxicity in rats. In the near future could constitute a lead to discovery of a novel drug for treatment
of drug induced nephrotoxicity and hepato toxicity.

Hibiscus platinifolius is a traditional medicinal plant throughout world and widely used to treat CNS disorders,
cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases, liver diseases, asthma and ulcers. The plant is important in the treatment
of ulcers. Therefore methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Hibiscus platinifolius petals were assessed
for antiulcer activity. In addition, measured the antioxidant activity and determined content of total phenolic
and flavonoids in the extract in order to correlate them with the assayed activities. Methanol extracts exhibit
antiulcer activity by pylorus ligation method and ethanol induced method at the dose of 500mg/kg when
compared to standard which may be due to the presence of high phenolic content and high flavonoid content
and other constituents.

Present study results it was concluded that aqueous leaf extract in acute toxicity study at doses of 50
mg,300m,2000mg does not exhibit any mortality and does not show any signs of toxicity excdpt the animals
exhibit drowsiness, further the sub acute toxicity study carried out for 28 days at low doses 100mg 400mg and
high dose 750 mg the animals does not represent any signs of toxicity and mortality hence it is found from the
study results Calotropis gigantean leaft extract possesses LD50 at doses more than 2500mg.drowsiness
represented in this study indicate the plant extract can be used for anitiepileptic and antianxiety activities.

The objective of present work was to formulate and evaluate Itraconazole nanosponges using emulsion solvent
diffusion technique and nanosponges loaded hydrogel of Itraconazole by using carbopol 934. Itraconazole
nanosponges were formulated successfully with different proportions of ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and
poloxamer 188. The physical characterization of nanosponge formulations showed better entrapment
efficiency and production yield. Surface morphology of nanosponges evaluated by scanning electron
microscopy showed nanosized spherical particles with numerous pores on surface. The formulations were
prepared as hydrogel by using 0.5% w/w carbopol and studied for drug content, pH, spreadability, viscosity
and in –vitro release study by using Franz diffusion cell. Optimized batch of nanosponges hydrogel showed
better results like drug content 95.6%, pH 7.15, Spreadability 19.61 cm/s, viscosity 12093 cps and in – vitro
release 96.16%.